B014151 - PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASER AND VISION PHOTOPYSICS

Italian

Wave optics. Interference. Diffraction. Radiometry and photometry. Black body radiation. Properties of laser light. Biomedical applications of light sources. Optical properties of biotissues. Laser-tissue interactions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Physical optics and eye. Optical aberrations

Textbooks:
Optics
(Giusfredi): Lecture notes on physical optics provided by the teacher
W.T. Silfvast “ Laser Fundamentals” Cambridge University Press, 2004
J. R. Meyer- Arendt “ Introduction to Classical and modern Optics” 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 1995
Laser: notes provided by the teacher; Handbook of Biophotonics, Popp et al., Wiley-VCH 2012
Photophysics: notes provided by the teacher;

Knowledge acquired:
Basics of physical optics. Biomedical applications of optics. Relationship between optics and the eye
Competence acquired
The student should understand some important physical phenomena related to physical optics. Morover he/she can acquire a critical view of the applications of optics in medicine and can make a link between physical optics and the behaviour of our eye
Skills acquired (at the end of the course)
The students can solve simple problems in wave optics. They can undestand positive effect and drawback of some solutions used in medicine and they can understand the effect of wave optics in our vision.

Courses to be used as requirements (required and/or recommended)


Courses required:
Courses recommmended
Basic Physics, Calculus, Mathematical Methods for Optics

Total hours of the course (including the time spent in attending lectures, seminars, private study, examinations, etc...): 225
Hours reserved to private study and other indivual formative activities:
Contact hours for: Lectures (hours): 72

Frequency of lectures, practice and lab:
recomended
Office hours:
By appointment.
alessandro.farini@ino.it
riccardo.meucci@ino.it
giovanni.giusfredi@ino.it
roberto.pini@ifac.cnr.it

oral exam

Course Contents (detailed programme):
Wave optics.
Maxwell’s equations. Wave equation and its solutions. Mathematical representation of the waves. Light propagation in media. Optical dispersion. Fresnel’s equations. Interference between waves and application to thin films. Diffraction: Huygens’s principle. Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s diffraction. Blackbody radiation. Wien’s displacement law. Boltzmann’s distribution, Spontaneous and stimulated emission, absorption. Population inversion. Optical cavities. Longitudinal and transverse modes. Temporal and spatial coherence of a laser beam. Types of lasers.




Laser, 2 cfu, Pini
Review on laser and incoherent sources with particular regard to biomedical applications. Light propagation in optical fibers. Optical properties of biotissues: main biological chromophores, absorption and scattering, Lambert-Beer law, brief notes on the theory of light diffusion and transport, measurements of optical properties of biotissues, with examples on light transmission though the cornea. Laser-tissue interactions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes: photochemical and photothermal interactions, with examples in ophthalmology; photomechanical interaction and tissue, with examples in ophthalmology and microsurgery.
Photophysics of vision 3CFU
Diffraction and eye. Modulation transfer optics for the eye. OTF for the eye. Images Fourier analysis. Scattering of light and eye. Eye aberrations. Rappresentation of ocular aberration using Zernike polinomials. Retinal sampling. Transmittance, absorbance and scattering in ocular media. Sensitivity of cones. Chromatic perception. Anomalies in color perception. Theories of chromatic perception