Basic concepts of the physiology of binocular vision. Accomodation and Vergence system interaction. Latent and manifest deviations of the eyes . Classification of phorias and tropias Objective and subjective Tests. Associated phoria and fixation disparity. System analysis of accommodative and eye movements. Pupil evaluation: diagnosis and approach to problems. Visual field analysis and optometric management of visual field defect. Structure, calibration, proper use and analysis of data Ophthalm
Gunter K. Von Noorden “Visione Binoculare e Motilità Oculare” Medical Books – Palermo (E’ scaricabile gratuitamente da Internet la versione inglese “Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility”)
R. Frosini, L. Campa, S. Frosini, R. Caputo “Diagnostica e Terapia dello Strabismo e delle Anomalie Oculomotorie” S.E.E. Firenze
J.Boyd Eskridge, J.F. Amos, J.D. Barlett “Clinical Procedures in Optometry” JB Lippincott Company Philadelfia
G.L. Laffi, L. Scorolli “ Manuale di Perimetria Automatica” Time Science Milano
M. H. Birnbaum “Optometric management of nearpoint vision disorder”
M. Scheiman, B. Wick “Clinical management of binocular vision”
J.R. Griffin, D. Grisham “Binocular anomalies”
Learning Objectives
Knolewdge acquired:
Physiology of binocular vision and ocular motility Near point triad: Accomodation/Convergence and pupillary response
Visual Field
Optometric Instrumentation
Competence acquired
Functional analysis of the visual system
Determination of near point prescription based on to the criteria of visual comfort
Eyes movements evaluation
Pupillary response: static and dynamic analysis
Visual field analysis and related Anomalies
Use of Instruments in Optometric Laboratory
Skills acquired (at the end of the course)
Management of the subjects with functional anomalies in the visual system.
Management of patients with pupillary anomalies.
Management of patients with visual field defects
Instrumental examinations; analysis and management of the data
Prerequisites
Courses required:
Courses recommmended: Ottica geometrica, Laboratorio per l’ottica I e II, Optometria con Lab I e II
Teaching Methods
CFU: 12
Total hours of the course (including the time spent in attending lectures, seminars, private study, examinations, etc...): 300
Hours reserved to private study and other indivual formative activities:
Contact hours for: Lectures (hours): 96
Further information
Frequency of lectures, practice and lab:
lectures: recommened
lag: requested
Teaching tools
Type of Assessment
ORAL EXAM
Course program
Course Contents (detailed programme)
Part a: 3 cfu (Teacher: G.Migliori): Instruments: Keratometer and Ophtalmometer – Slit Lamp – Retinoscope and Ophtalmoscope – Manual and computerized refractometers – Instruments for the contact lenses evaluation
Part b: 7 cfu (Teacher: F.Casalboni)
Near point vision and convergence - Vergence amplitude and Graphical analysis I – Binocular vision examination – Methods to restore the visual comfort – Binocular refraction techniques – Optometric evaluation of the accommodative system: functional aspects and anolmalies – Fixation disparity and Associated phoria – Techniques for the measurement of the associated phoria and for the determination of the fixation disparity curve - Integrative Analysis – OEP Analysis – Dynamic retinoscopy techniques – Spheres or prisms prescription according to the criteria proposed in the various methods of functional evaluation.
Part c: 2 cfu (Teacher: R.Volpe):
Pupil: Anatomy and Phisiology - Static and dynamic analysis of the pupillary response
Visual field: Campimetry and perimetery – Static and dynamic perimetry – Manual and computerized perimetry
Eyes movements evaluation: Anatomy and physiology – Saccadic, pursuit, fixation vestibular reflex, optokinetic systems. Objective and subjective analysis
Contrast sensitivity analysis