-Warren J. Smith, "Modern Optical Engineering", McGraw-Hill (2008)
-Warren J. Smith, "Practical Optical System Layout", McGraw-Hill (1997)
-L. Ronchi Abbozzo, D. Mugnai "Ottica classica, teoria della visione, ottica ondulatoria, CNR, 2008
- George Smith, David A. Atchison “The eye and visual optical instruments” Cambridge University press, 1997
-E. Hecht, M Coffey, P Dolen “Optics” 4th ed., (Addison Wesley, 2002)
Learning Objectives
Knowledge acquired:
The student acquires knowledge about the nature of light, the images formation and on simple optical systems.
Acquired skills:
The student acquires a model (optical rays) to describe light, a technique (paraxial ray tracing) to simulate the light propagation and learn to use these tools to determine the imaging properties of simple optical systems.
Skills acquired at the end of the course:
Within the paraxial approximation the student will be able to understand the imaging properties of a general optical system
Prerequisites
Courses required: none
Courses recommended: none
Teaching Methods
CFU: 12
Total number of hours for Lectures (hours): 96
Type of Assessment
Written and oral examination
Course program
Light as propagation of electromagnetic waves. The rays. The absolute refractive index of a transparent, homogeneous and isotropic medium. The dispersion. The law of propagation for rays. The reflection, refraction and scattering of light in a diopter. The thin prism. The Fresnel’s equations for normal incidence. The formation of images. Mathematical expression of a generic dioptre with axial symmetry. Centered optical systems. Paraxial approximation. Characteristics of a general centered paraxial optical system. The spherical dioptre. The plane dioptre . The spherical mirror. The plane mirror. The thick lens in air. The foil and parallel flat in air. The thin lens in air. Centered optical systems with two thin lenses in air. Paraxial characteristics of Gullstrand’s schematic eye.
Part II (3 credits, Professor Nicola Poli)
Definition of a prismand its optical and geometric parameters. Deviation angle of prism and its analytical expression. Thick and thin prisms (image formation). Optical and geometrical conditions for the propagation of rays though the prism by a monochromatic radiation. Minimum deviation angle of the prism; its use. The prism and the polychromatic radiation. Definition of prism-diopter. Combinations of edge-edge and edge-based prisms immersed in air. The Risley prism. The matrix formulation of geometrical optics and applications. Achromatic doublets and chromatic aberrations and their compensation. No chromatic aberrations: spherical, coma, astigmatism and field curvature. Zernike’s polynomials. Methods and instrumentation for the measurement of focal lengths of thin lenses in air.
Part III (3 credits, Professor Alessandro Farini)
Lenses with prismatic effect and the concept of prism-diopter. Nominal value and corrective effect of a prism. Cylindrical lenses. Toric lenses. Generic representation of asso-symmetric surfaces. Ocular eye rotations behind lenses.