Elements of physiology of vision, the basics of visual optics, ocular optics and optical factors associated with vision; emmetropia and ametropia, etiology of refractive defects; correction of ametropia with glasses and contact lenses. Visual acuity measurement and octotype calculation, monocular refraction methods and prescription in case of ametropia; eye accommodation and presbyopia, measurement and prescription in case of presbyopia.
