Refraction and Prescribing. Case history, record cards and recording. Monocular Subjective Refraction. Best vision sphere. Assessment of astigmatism. Binocular balancing. Binocular subjective refraction. Anisometropia. Assessment of presbyopia and the reading addition. Assessment of binocular vision and accommodation.
Ottica Visuale. F. Zeri, A. Rossetti, A. Fossetti, A. Calossi, Società editrice Universo, Roma, 2012.
Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care, 4th Edition, DB. Elliott, Editore: Butterworth- Heinemann, 2013
Learning Objectives
Knowledge: knowing myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism both from an etiological and refractive point of view; the correction of refractive errors, the mechanism of accommodation and its influence on near vision and the causes of presbyopia. Have a basic knowledge of binocular vision, of the interaction between accommodation and convergence and of latent and manifest deviations.
Acquired skills: to be able, after having made a thorough case history, to measure and correct the various refractive errors and presbyopia.
Skills acquired at the end of the course: knowing how to fully manage, from a technical point of view, refraction of simple visual defects myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. Be able to provide the patient with the appropriate information on his correction.