B006860 - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY I

Italian (English if necessary)

Introduction and course attendance rules. Safety and standards of behavior in the laboratory. Laboratory equipment and their use. Quantitative chemical analysis: errors, precision, accuracy, propagation. Principles of column chromatography and TLC. Gravimetric analysis methods: gravimetry and precipitation titration. Volumetric titrations (acid-base, complexometric, by precipitation, redox).

1. ISBN: 9788829921188 Titolo: Chimica analitica ed analisi quantitativa Autori: Hage - Carr Editore: Piccin
2. ISBN9788879598651 Titolo: Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica di Skoog e West Autori: F. J. Holler, S. R. Crouch - Editore: EdiSeS

The first aim of the course is to provide students with the basic knowledge of the methodological principles applied in non-instrumental analytical chemistry, with particular reference to solution equilibria and volumetric colorimetric titrations.

General chemistry and basic notions of inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry.

Oral lesson in the classroom with slide show. During the lessons, the solution and commentary on current environmental issues taken by the media will be proposed for dialectical development with the students.

The final exam will consist in an oral exam or a written test at the discretion of the teacher.

Class course: Introduction and course attendance rules. Safety and standards of behavior in the laboratory. Unscaled glassware, other equipment and tools; wood / rubber equipment and mixing tools. Filtration and drying methods.
Glass equipment: graduated and non-graduated glassware, with particular emphasis on burettes, flasks and pipettes (precautions for use).
Mass measurement, weighing precautions and measuring instruments.
Tolerances and effect of temperature on calibration. Graduated glassware and tolerance classes. Reading methods for graduated glassware. Calibration and calibration.

Quantitative chemical analysis: types of errors and their identification. Accuracy, accuracy and causes of various types of errors. Statistical treatment of random error, mean value and standard deviation. Propagation of errors. Expression of the correct measure and significant figures
Stages of a chemical analysis and the analytical problem

Introduction to chromatographic analysis methods
Theoretical principles of chromatography
The various chromatographic techniques: with particular attention to TLC and column chromatography (with related laboratory experiments)
Matrix / analyte combinations, sample preparation for analysis
The various types of physical separations in sampling, gas and volatile species sampling, sample processing and interference.
Gravimetric methods of analysis. Gravimetric precipitation, gravimetric titration, electrogravimetry. Precipitation equilibria, solubility and solubility product, saturated solutions and supersaturations; basic conditions for gravimetric analysis, precipitation mechanism and particle size control. Effect of temperature, of the common ion and of the pH on precipitation. Colloidal precipitates, filtration and washing of precipitates. Final stages of gravimetric analysis: filtration, dry flow, calcination and weighting at constant weight.

Volumetric titrations
Titration errors, primary standards and their characteristics, preparation of a primary standard solution, primary and secondary standards, equivalent point detection, equivalent point / end point difference, requirements to make a titration, various types of indicators and choice of the most appropriate to titration, titration curves, types of titrations. Buffer solutions and buffer capacity
Trend based on the pH of the titration

Acid-base, complexometric, precipitation, and redox titrations. For each type: introduction to the analytical principle, characteristics and requirements of the titration, titrants and conditions, indicators and principle of operation, limits and advantages, practical examples and theoretical references. Brief explanation of the laboratory experience.

Practical laboratory experiences:

- Calibration of volumetric glassware, use of glass pipettes and preparation of a solution of known concentration by precision weighing;
- Chromatographic column and separation of two substances
- TLC, separation and recognition of active ingredients
- Gravimetry, determination of calcium ion
- Acid-base colorimetric titration
- Complexometric titration
- Precipitation titration
- Redox titration