Lecture notes provided by the teachers and downloadable from the course e-Learning website:
https://e-l.unifi.it/course/view.php?id=10378
Furthermore:
“Introduzione all'analisi degli errori” - John R. Taylor - Zanichelli
“Elementi di Fisica” - M. Ageno - Boringhieri
“Esercizi di Fisica” - M. Giovannozzi
“Fondamenti di Fisica” - D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker - CEA
“Fisica Generale - Meccanica e Termodinamica” - S. Focardi, I. Massa, A. Uguzzoni, M. Villa - CEA
“La fisica di Feynman” - R. Feynman - Zanichelli
Lecture notes provided by the teachers and downloadable from the course e-Learning website:
https://e-l.unifi.it/course/view.php?id=10378
Furthermore:
“Introduzione all'analisi degli errori” - John R. Taylor - Zanichelli
“Elementi di Fisica” - M. Ageno - Boringhieri
“Fisica Generale - Meccanica e Termodinamica” - S. Focardi, I. Massa, A. Uguzzoni, M. Villa - CEA
“La fisica di Feynman” - R. Feynman - Zanichelli
“Fondamenti di Fisica” - D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker - CEA
Learning Objectives - Workshop - Last names A-L
Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of the fundamental concepts related to the measurement of physical quantities, both from the experimental point of view and the analysis of the collected data; understanding of the hypothesis of validity of the models adopted to describe physical phenomena.
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: ability to perform simple measurements of physical quantities using the instrumentation available in the laboratory (caliber, Palmer compass, electronic scale, stopwatch, etc.), to clearly organize the acquired data and to analyze them to determine the final results and their uncertainty using error propagation.
Communication skills: ability to use a precise mathematical and physical language in the description of the physical models used for the phenomena studied in the laboratory.
Learning skills: development, acquisition of measurements and data processing of simple variations of laboratory experiments performed during the course.
Learning Objectives - Lesson
Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of the fundamental concepts related to the measurement of physical quantities, both from the experimental point of view and the analysis of the collected data; understanding of the hypothesis of validity of the models adopted to describe physical phenomena.
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: ability to perform simple measurements of physical quantities using the instrumentation available in the laboratory (caliber, Palmer compass, electronic scale, stopwatch, etc.), to clearly organize the acquired data and to analyze them to determine the final results and their uncertainty using error propagation.
Communication skills: ability to use a precise mathematical and physical language in the description of the physical models used for the phenomena studied in the laboratory.
Learning skills: development, acquisition of measurements and data processing of simple variations of laboratory experiments performed during the course.
Prerequisites - Workshop - Last names A-L
Basic elements of mathematical analysis.
Prerequisites - Lesson
Basic elements of mathematical analysis.
Teaching Methods - Workshop - Last names A-L
CFU: 9
Total number of hours of the course: 225
Number of hours related to classroom activities: 84
Number of hours related to practice activities (in the laboratory): 24
Number of hours for intermediate tests: 4
The course is held in the two semesters and it consists, in each semester, of an initial part of lessons followed by the realization of the experiences in the laboratory by the students, usually organized in groups of 3-4 people. Attendance during the laboratory experiences is mandatory.
Teaching Methods - Lesson
CFU: 9
Total number of hours of the course: 225
Number of hours related to classroom activities: 84
Number of hours related to practice activities (in the laboratory): 24
Number of hours for intermediate tests: 4
The course is held in the two semesters and it consists, in each semester, of an initial part of lessons followed by the realization of the experiences in the laboratory by the students, usually organized in groups of 3-4 people. Attendance during the laboratory experiences is mandatory.
Further information - Workshop - Last names A-L
Office hours:
M. Bongi: by appointment (massimo.bongi (AT) unifi.it, 055-4572299, 055-4572696) or at the end of the lessons.
P. Pietrini: by appointment (paola.pietrini (AT) unifi.it, 055-2755231) or at the end of the lessons.
Website:
https://e-l.unifi.it/course/view.php?id=10378
Further information - Lesson
Office hours:
M. Bongi: by appointment (massimo.bongi (AT) unifi.it, 055-4572299, 055-4572696) or at the end of the lessons.
M. Fittipaldi: by appointment (maria.fittipaldi (AT) unifi.it, 055-4572263) or at the end of the lessons.
P. Pietrini: by appointment (paola.pietrini (AT) unifi.it, 055-2755231) or at the end of the lessons.
Website:
https://e-l.unifi.it/course/view.php?id=10378
Type of Assessment - Workshop - Last names A-L
The final exam usually consists of an individual practice test in laboratory and of an oral examination, both focused on the laboratory experiences carried out during the year and on the topics included in the program of the course.
The evaluation parameters of the exam are:
1) the ability to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the course topics;
2) the ability to model a simple physical system;
3) the ability to critically analyze the most important aspects involved in the realization of a laboratory experience;
4) the ability to use a precise mathematical and physical language, necessary for the description of laboratory experiments.
In order to ease the effort required by the students during the course, an alternative examination procedure is available: in case the student obtains a positive evaluation on his reports about the laboratory experiences and on the intermediate written exam, it is possible to access the oral examination without having to pass the practice test in laboratory as in the standard procedure.
Type of Assessment - Lesson
The final exam usually consists of an individual practice test in laboratory and of an oral examination, both focused on the laboratory experiences carried out during the year and on the topics included in the program of the course.
The evaluation parameters of the exam are:
1) the ability to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the course topics;
2) the ability to model a simple physical system;
3) the ability to critically analyze the most important aspects involved in the realization of a laboratory experience;
4) the ability to use a precise mathematical and physical language, necessary for the description of laboratory experiments.
In order to ease the effort required by the students during the course, an alternative examination procedure is available: in case the student obtains a positive evaluation on his reports about the laboratory experiences and on the intermediate written exam, it is possible to access the oral examination without having to pass the practice test in laboratory as in the standard procedure.
Course program - Workshop - Last names A-L
First semester:
Operative definition of physical quantities. The concept of length; physical plan and physical ruler, measurement of lengths. Measures of plain and solid angles. The concept of time interval. The concept of mass and its measurement. The physical concept of force, practical measurement of forces.
Primitive and derived physical quantities, dimensional equations. Unit systems. Units, dimensions and conversion factors of the physical in mechanics.
Numerical representation of measurements of physical quantities. Order of magnitude and significant digits. Approximations and relative precision. Significant digits in numerical operations. Approximate values of functions.
Tables and charts.
Absolute measurements, relative measurements, measurements with calibrated instruments. Scales and indexes, the Vernier scale. Characteristics of a measurement tool (promptness, capacity, sensitivity, etc). Systematic errors. Calipers and micrometers.
Best estimation of the measured value and of the uncertainty of a measurement. Error propagation for indirect measurements. Graphical method for determining the relation between physical quantities.
Random errors and their “empirical” distribution; Gauss function. Mean value and standard deviation in a Gauss distribution and their physical meaning. The “erf(x)”function. Mean value and standard deviation of a set of measurements. Confidence limit of a normal distribution. Error propagation for quantities affected by random errors. Standard deviation of the mean. Data rejection, Chauvenet criterion. Binomial distribution. Poisson distribution. Least squares method. Covariance and correlation coefficient.
Laboratory experiences: measurement of the relative density of a solid body and of a liquid with an electronic scale; test of a Gauss distribution through the study of the motion of a body hanging from a flywheel.
Second semester:
Laboratory experiences: motion of body on a sloped rail and measurement of g; the pendulum as a precise instrument for measuring g; measurement of elastic constants by the bending of a bar and a torsion pendulum.
Course program - Lesson
First semester:
Operative definition of physical quantities. The concept of length; physical plan and physical ruler, measurement of lengths. Measures of plain and solid angles. The concept of time interval. The concept of mass and its measurement. The physical concept of force, practical measurement of forces.
Primitive and derived physical quantities, dimensional equations. Unit systems. Units, dimensions and conversion factors of the physical in mechanics.
Numerical representation of measurements of physical quantities. Order of magnitude and significant digits. Approximations and relative precision. Significant digits in numerical operations. Approximate values of functions.
Tables and charts.
Absolute measurements, relative measurements, measurements with calibrated instruments. Scales and indexes, the Vernier scale. Characteristics of a measurement tool (promptness, capacity, sensitivity, etc). Systematic errors. Calipers and micrometers.
Best estimation of the measured value and of the uncertainty of a measurement. Error propagation for indirect measurements. Graphical method for determining the relation between physical quantities.
Random errors and their “empirical” distribution; Gauss function. Mean value and standard deviation in a Gauss distribution and their physical meaning. The “erf(x)”function. Mean value and standard deviation of a set of measurements. Confidence limit of a normal distribution. Error propagation for quantities affected by random errors. Standard deviation of the mean. Data rejection, Chauvenet criterion. Binomial distribution. Poisson distribution. Least squares method. Covariance and correlation coefficient.
Laboratory experiences: measurement of the relative density of a solid body and of a liquid with an electronic scale; test of a Gauss distribution through the study of the motion of a body hanging from a flywheel.
Second semester:
Laboratory experiences: motion of body on a sloped rail and measurement of g; the pendulum as a precise instrument for measuring g; measurement of elastic constants by the bending of a bar and a torsion pendulum.